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Merely click on the links in the outline below to learn anything and everything you want to know about this topic for the items listed!

I. IRANIANS, 1st Wave

NOTE: About the non-nomadic Iranians who came into conflict with the nomadic Iranians, starting with the Scythians, and listed as follows

• Scythians (or Skythians or Scolotoi)
  • Dahae Confederation
    • Dahae “Proper”
      • Parni Tribe of the Dahae
        • Parthian Clan of the Parni Tribe
          • Suren Family of the Parthian Clan
• Massagetae Confederation
  • Massagetae “Proper”
  • Sakas (or Sakae)

NOTE: About the “Western Sakas”

• • • Haumavarga (or Amyrgians)
    • Tigraxuanda (or Orthocorybantians)
    • Apasiakoi
    • Khotanese

NOTE: About some Iranians who settled down to build the cities of the Silk Road

• • Chorasmians (or Khwarezms)
• Sauromatians (or Sauromatae)
• Sarmatians
  • “Royal” Sarmatians
  • Issedones
  • Urgi
  • Aorsi
  • Siraces (or Siraki)
  • Saii
  • Iazygians (or Jazyges)
  • Roxolani

NOTE: About the Germanic Ostrogoths

• • Alans (or Alani)
• Yue-chi (or Yüeh-chih)
  • Greater Yue-chi (or Greater Yüeh-chih)
    • Kushans (or Kusana)
  • Lesser Yue-chi (or Lesser Yüeh-chih)

II. HUNS, 1st Wave

• Tung-hu
• Hsiung-nu (or Xiongnu)
  • Western Hsiung-nu
  • Eastern Hsiung-nu
    • Northern Hsiung-nu
    • Southern Hsiung-nu

NOTE: About the struggle between the Chinese and the Hsiung-nu for control of the cities of the Silk Road

• White Huns (or Hephthalite or Ephthalite or Eastern Huns)
• Red Huns (or Kidarites)
• Black Huns (or Western Huns): (Included in the block of text about the Black Huns is a note about the administrative division of the Roman Empire.)
  • Kutrigers (or Kutrighurs)
  • Utigers (or Utrighurs)

NOTE: About Emperor Justinian of the Greek Christian Byzantine Empire

NOTE: About the Greek Christian Byzantine Empire

• Sabirians (or Sabirs)

III. MONGOLS, 1st Wave

• Hsien-pi
• Ju-juan (or Juan-juan or Rouran)
• Avars

IV. HUNS, 2nd Wave

• Bulgars (or Bulghars)
  • Great Khanate Bulgars (or Magna Bulgaria or Palaia Bulgaria)
    • Black (or Inner) Bulgars
    • Volga (or Silver) Bulgars
    • Onogur (or Onoghur) Bulgars
    • Danube Bulgars
      • Khanate Bulgars

V. MAGYARS

SPECIAL NOTE: About the Arabs

VI. IRANIANS, 2nd Wave

• Saffarids
• Samanids

VII. TURKS, 1st Wave

• Toba (or T’o-pa or Tabgatch)
• Gök (or Blue or Heavenly or Celestial) Turks
  • Eastern Khanate
  • Western Khanate

NOTE: About the Turkic tribes that were offshoots from the Western Khanate of the Gök Turks

• Türgish
• Uighurs (or Uigurs or Uyghurs)
• Karluks (or Qarluks or Qarluqs)
• Sha-t’o
• Kirghiz (or Kyrghyz)
• Khazars
• Pechenegs (or Petchenegs or Patzinaks)
• Kimaks (or Kimeks)
  • Kipchaks (or Kipchaqs or Cumans)
• Berendei
• Karakhanids
• Ghaznavids
• Oghuz (or Ghuzz or Toghuz or Uzes or Torks or Torkils)
  • Seljuks (or Saljuks or Saljuqs)
    • Sultanate of Merv
    • Sultanate of Hamadan
    • Sultanate of Rum
    • Several other minor fragmentary Seljuk states
  • Many other miscellaneous Oghuz tribes
• Zangids
• Tatars
• Empire of Khwarizm Shah (or Khorezmshah or simply “Khwarizm”)

VIII. MONGOLS, 2nd Wave

• Khitai (or Khitans or Kitans or Liao)
  • Karakhitai (or Karakitai or Qarakhitai or Kara-Khitans)
• Jurchen (or Jurchets or Jurchid or Golden Tartars)

NOTE: About the Tibetan Tangut tribe

• Oirats (or Uirats)
• Merkits
• Keraits (or Kerayits)
• Jalayir (or Jalair)
• Naimans
• “Mongols Proper”
• Manchus

IX. IRANIANS, 3rd Wave

• Circassians (or Adyghe)

X. TURKS, 2nd Wave

• Mamluks (or Mamelukes)
• Ottoman Empire
• Black Sheep Turks (or Qara Qoyunlu)
• White Sheep Turks (or Aq Qoyunlu)
• Uzbeks
• Kazakhs

NOTE: About the Cossacks

NOTE: About the numerous minor Turkic states